Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic

Opis

The product generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.

Depending on the capabilities of the query language, an attacker could inject additional logic into the query to:

- Modify the intended selection criteria, thus changing which data entities (e.g., records) are returned, modified, or otherwise manipulated

- Append additional commands to the query

- Return more entities than intended

- Return fewer entities than intended

- Cause entities to be sorted in an unexpected way

The ability to execute additional commands or change which entities are returned has obvious risks. But when the product logic depends on the order or number of entities, this can also lead to vulnerabilities. For example, if the query expects to return only one entity that specifies an administrative user, but an attacker can change which entities are returned, this could cause the logic to return information for a regular user and incorrectly assume that the user has administrative privileges.

While this weakness is most commonly associated with SQL injection, there are many other query languages that are also subject to injection attacks, including HTSQL, LDAP, DQL, XQuery, Xpath, and "NoSQL" languages.

Inne nazwy

NoSQL Injection, NoSQLi

Injection of data query language into NoSQL databases such as Cassandra, ElasticSearch, MongoDB, Redis, and others

Skutki

• Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Access Control

  Bypass Protection Mechanism; Read Application Data; Modify Application Data; Varies by Context

Przykłady podatności

• CVE-2024-50672 NoSQL injection in product for building eLearning courses allows password resets using a query processed by the Mongoose find function
• CVE-2021-20736 NoSQL injection in team collaboration product
• CVE-2020-35666 NoSQL injection in a PaaS platform using a MongoDB operator
• CVE-2014-2503 Injection using Documentum Query Language (DQL)
• CVE-2014-2508 Injection using Documentum Query Language (DQL)

Słabość nadrzędna

• CWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Słabości podrzędne

• CWE-89 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
• CWE-90 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')
• CWE-643 Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
• CWE-652 Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions ('XQuery Injection')

Kiedy powstaje

• Implementation — REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Dotyczy

Not Language-Specific

Uwagi

It could be argued that data query languages are effectively a command language - albeit with a limited set of commands - and thus any query-language injection issue could be treated as a child of CWE-74. However, CWE-943 is intended to better organize query-oriented issues to separate them from fully-functioning programming languages, and also to provide a more precise identifier for the many query languages that do not have their own CWE identifier.

Źródła

1. NoSQL injection — PortSwigger
2. A Pentester's Guide to NoSQL Injection — The SecOps Group, 2023