Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')

Opis

The product constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.

Skutki

• Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

  Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands; Read Application Data; Modify Application Data

  An attacker could include input that changes the LDAP query which allows unintended commands or code to be executed, allows sensitive data to be read or modified or causes other unintended behavior.

Zapobieganie

• Implementation · Input Validation

  Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.

  When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."

  Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.

Przykłady podatności

• CVE-2021-41232 Chain: authentication routine in Go-based agile development product does not escape user name (CWE-116), allowing LDAP injection (CWE-90)
• CVE-2005-2301 Server does not properly escape LDAP queries, which allows remote attackers to cause a DoS and possibly conduct an LDAP injection attack.

Słabość nadrzędna

• CWE-943 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic

Kiedy powstaje

• Implementation — REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Dotyczy

Not Language-Specific, Database Server

Uwagi

Factors: resultant to special character mismanagement, MAID, or denylist/allowlist problems. Can be primary to authentication and verification errors.

Źródła

1. Web Applications and LDAP Injection — SPI Dynamics