Use of Default Password

Opis

The product uses default passwords for potentially critical functionality.

It is common practice for products to be designed to use default passwords for authentication. The rationale is to simplify the manufacturing process or the system administrator's task of installation and deployment into an enterprise. However, if admins do not change the defaults, then it makes it easier for attackers to quickly bypass authentication across multiple organizations. There are many lists of default passwords and default-password scanning tools that are easily available from the World Wide Web.

Skutki

• Authentication

  Gain Privileges or Assume Identity

Zapobieganie

• Requirements

  Prohibit use of default, hard-coded, or other values that do not vary for each installation of the product - especially for separate organizations.

  Skuteczność: High

• Documentation

  Ensure that product documentation clearly emphasizes the presence of default passwords and provides steps for the administrator to change them.

  Skuteczność: Limited

• Architecture and Design

  Force the administrator to change the credential upon installation.

  Skuteczność: High

• Installation, Operation

  The product administrator could change the defaults upon installation or during operation.

  Skuteczność: Moderate

Przykłady podatności

• CVE-2022-30270 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) uses default credentials for some SSH accounts
• CVE-2022-2336 OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) industrial automation product has a default password
• CVE-2021-38759 microcontroller board has default password, allowing admin access
• CVE-2021-44480 children's smart watch has default passwords allowing attackers to send SMS commands and listen to the device's surroundings
• CVE-2020-11624 surveillance camera has default password for the admin account
• CVE-2018-15719 medical dental records product installs a MySQL database with a blank default password
• CVE-2014-9736 healthcare system for archiving patient images has default passwords for key management and storage databases
• CVE-2000-1209 database product installs admin account with default null password, allowing privileges, as exploited by various worms

Słabość nadrzędna

• CWE-1392 Use of Default Credentials

Kiedy powstaje

• Architecture and Design

Dotyczy

Not Language-Specific, Not OS-Specific, Not Architecture-Specific, Not Technology-Specific, ICS/OT

Źródła

1. OT:ICEFALL: The legacy of "insecure by design" and its implications for certifications and risk management — Forescout Vedere Labs, 2022
2. Researchers Out Default Passwords Packaged With ICS/SCADA Wares — Kelly Jackson Higgins, 2016
3. Secure by Design Alert: How Manufacturers Can Protect Customers by Eliminating Default Passwords — Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, 2023
4. Shifting the Balance of Cybersecurity Risk: Principles and Approaches for Secure By Design Software — US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, US National Security Agency, US FBI, Australian Signals Directorate, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, National Cyber Security Centre, OAS, NISC, CSA Singapore, CERT NZ, Norwegian Cyber Security Centre, Korea Internet & Security Agency, JPCERT/CC, 2023